Youth Travel For Tourism In Kenya Tourism Essay

Youth Travel For Tourism In Kenya Tourism EssayCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION1.1. Background to the packYouth move represents a significant commercialize within tourism (Horak and Weber, 2000) in terms of size and growth rates (Matzler and Siller, 2003). Youth go has overly been identified as one of the largest segments of global tourism and also seen as having considerable potentiality for future growth as youth affluence increases (Richard and Wilson, 2004). furthermore young tourists be often trendsetters who establish and build the attractiveness of tourist destinations (Horak and Weber, 2000).Economic importance and social value of youth give out has been recognized (UNWTO, 2008). topically owned creasees and communities particularly benefit from adventurous young jaunters (dAnjou, 2004) thus reducing leakages and stimulate investment (UNWTO, 2008). Youth turn on is acknowledged to be multibillion dollar bill business and one that provides an indicator of future travel tren ds (Hall, 2005).However few countries are currently engaged in activities to promote youth travel (UNWTO, 2008). Besides, youth travel is a little researched sector of tourism market (Cooper et al., 2008). According to UNWTO (2008) only a third of countries have youth travel policy, less(prenominal) than a third collect statistics on the market, only a quarter have policies for product development and less than third have a trade policy.In evolution countries and more so in Kenya youth travel is seen as an extension of the education process, familiarizing young people with their own country and has non been classify as a separate category (UNWTO, 2005). In Kenya domestic youth travel has been spearheaded by the wildlife clubs of Kenya (WCK), a non-governmental organization whose aim is to promote wildlife and Environmental schooling (EE) (Sindiga, 1999). Travel by young people locally, motivated by leisure, adventure and sport activities, is a significant sector that has contin ued to increase in frequency, and expatiate widely in the country (MOT, 2010). There are efforts to reach out to ontogenesis market to draw larger numbers of young travelers to Kenya.1.2. Problem narrativeYouth travel is a growing market which is becoming increasingly important for many countries. The youth travel has also been acknowledged to be multibillion dollar business but the question arises whether this multibillion dollar industry is fully tapped in tourism in Kenya. In spite of the size of the market and growth in youth travel, the final draft of tourism policy has no specific policy for this market. There appears to be a policy gap between the growing potential of youth travel and the lack of action on part of the government.Youth travel has not been given its due consideration nor has it been studied in great detail. Previous studies carried out on Kenyas tourism industry by Dieke (1994), Sindiga (1996), Ndivo (2009) among other(a)s have made few attempts to focus on addressing specific tourism market segments. This has led to having relatively little information available on the size, scope and status of the youth travel market in terms of the profile, prefer products, as well as supporting infrastructure. As result Kenya is losing out on the longer term potential of a rapidly growing market.1.3. Purpose of the field of forceThe theme seeks to identify and analyze the youth travel behaviour in Kenya in order to establish the potential of youth travel as a market segment for the tourism industry in Kenya.1.4. Objectives of the Study1.4.1. General ObjectiveThis study seeks to establish the potential of youth travel as a viable market for tourism in Kenya. The study aims at providing baseline information to support market-driven development initiative such(prenominal) as planning and marketing for the youth travel deferral market.1.4.2. Specific ObjectivesTo investigate factors that influence the travel finding making among the youth.To exp lore the tourist products preferred by the youth.To determine the travel limiting factors for the youth travel market in Kenya.To profile the youth travel market in Kenya.1.5. Hypotheses1. H01 Youth travel decision making is not significantly influenced by social-economic and behavioural factors2. H02 Choice of tourist products is not significantly different among youth of different social-economic and demographic status.1.6. Significance and Anticipated OutputThe study seeks to establish the youth travel as potential market for tourism in Kenya. The study willing seek to identify the youth travel niche market, product and infrastructure. It is considered that the findings of the study will raise significantly to ministry of tourism as a guideline for formulating policies to enhance and promote youth travel.The findings will also contribute towards identifying attributes which satisfy young travelers in Kenya. This will be useful to local tourism investors and will also help in op ening up the less visited destinations. Comprehending what young travelers seek in Kenya may help tourist marketers and promoters in increasing the growth of tourism by enhancing their strategies for marketing youth travel.Finally, the study will contribute to the body of knowledge in youth travel research which has been inadequately undertaken in Kenya while strengthening the existing body of knowledge in tourism in Kenya.1.7. Limitations to the StudyThe study will use purposive sampling and the sample is selected from one particular tourist destination in capital of Kenya which is an urban setting. This may not represent the whole youth market in Kenya. The result should be generalized with caution to other regions. This is due to exit in culture, environment and social-economic conditions which may affect the youth travel decision making.However, care has been taken to ensure that the selected radical represents the travelling youth segment noting that the city of Nairobi is th e premier source of domestic tourism market in Kenya (Ndivo, 2009)1.8. Conceptual FrameworkThis study on youth travel as potential market for tourism in Kenya will be based on activities based model of destination survival by Moscardo et al., (1996) figure 1 in attempt to establish factors that influence youth travel in Kenya.Internal inputsSocial psychological set factors own(prenominal) characteristics, motivesExternal outputDestination characteristics derived frominformation from experience, promotional information, Information from other sourcesTravel constraintIndividual constraints Money, time, social factorsExternal constraints seasonality, accessibility, etcDestination images andAwareness setDestination excerptActual travelFigure 1 A theoretical framework of travel decision making (Adapted from Moscardo et al., 1996)According to Moscardo et al., (1996) destination activities are seen as a critical railroad tie between travel and destination choice. They argue that motives provide travelers with expectations for activities and destinations are seen offering these activitiesThe figure suggests that internal inputs and immaterial output factors contribute to destination image and knowingness set. Internal input refers to social psychological set of factors such as in the flesh(predicate) characteristics for example age, income, experience, lifecycle and personal motivation. The internal input factors are seen as providing the desire activities by an individual at a destination. External output refers to destination characteristics derived from information gained. These include past experience, promotional information and information from other sources. The external output factors are seen as providing information about activities available at a destination.Destination images are seen as the result of the destination characteristic, how they are presented and how they are integrated with social psychological factors such as motives and interests. Des tination image is seen to provide the initial motivation to visit the place. Awareness set includes all the travel locations which people might consider as potential destination before any decision process about their trip has been initiated.Image of destination affects the choice of a destination. Destination choice is based on match between perceived activities offered and preferred activities. Travel constraints includes individual constraints (such as money, time and social factors such as fear and safety) and external constraints (such as seasonality accessibility and influence by significant others) are also seen to influence the actual travel to a destination.This study will therefore attempt to find out the influence of both social-psychological set factors and destination characteristics in creating destination image and awareness among the youth in Kenya. Finally the study will explore the potential socio-economic constraints that influence actual travel.1.9. Operational D efinition of TermsYouth-In this study youth will refer to Kenyan citizens and foreign nationals who are aged between 15-30 years.Youth travel-refers to young Kenyan and foreign nationals aged 15-30 years who travel within Kenya for leisure, business and other use of goods and services not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.Niche market-defines the specific product features aimed at satisfying Kenyan youth travel markets needs as well as price range, production and quality.Destination-is any place in Kenya which attracts visitors, either as tourists who stay overnight or as same-day visitors.Domestic tourism-tourism involving Kenyan residents travelling within Kenya for the purpose of spending their leisure time.Backpackers-a form of tourism which appears to appeal mainly to a younger market, where tourist uses a rucksack, or a backpack rather than a suitcase to carry all they need.Tourism-refers to all activities of Kenyan visitors,(eit her as tourists (overnight visitors) and same day visitors) travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for leisure business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.I remember you have covered your objectives wellThink about adding more space for qualitative responsesYou can rearrange your questions according your specific objectivesThe questionnaire is fine but not neatly formatted. Use tables for neatness and format your question numbers to give it a professional look which will make it easier for your respondents to answerI would potently suggest that you look at other questionnaires even from the internet to help you with point 4 aboveQuestionnaireDate of issueDear Respondent,I am conducting a research on youth travel as potential market for tourism in Kenya. I will greatly appreciate your response to the questions leaninged below. gratify indicate your response by ticking ( ) where appr opriate.PERSONAL INFORMATIONCaroline, Kindly consider having this section in a table-like format for collecting personal information and remove the question numbers 1 through 6. The reason being its standard information and it gives the respondent a feeling that they are reply too many questions yet its not like soQn1. Your genderMale Female Qn2. Age15-19 20-24 25-30 (If your age is below 15 or above 30 kindly discontinue)Qn3. What is your occupation? Qn4. Marital statusSingle married other Qn5. What is your aim of education?Primary High school TertiaryCollege University have survival for other and explanationQn6.What is your nationalityKenyan citizen Non Kenyan citizen Qn7. If engaged in any income generating occupation, what is your level of income per month (KSh)? This could come after the personal information section. Its a sec sensitive, and im not exactly sure how this information is going to assist youBelow 20,000 21,000-30,000 31,000-40,000 41,0 00-50,000 51,000-above Qn8. What is the source of money you use for travelling to various tourist destinations in Kenya?Personal saving travel incentives parents/family assistance others This makes more sense to me only that you might have to explain in brackets what travel incentive meansQn9. How would you evaluate your level of awareness, about touristic facilities and draw play in Kenya on a eggshell of 1-5? Where1- Not aware 2-aware but need more information 3-no opinion 4-aware but would not prefer visiting 5= aware but would very much wish to visit list them one by oneTourist attractionratingRegions visitedtypenumber of visitsspecifyNational parks and reservesNational museumsCulturaleventsvillagesHistorical sitesLandscapesForestEntertainmentSport activitiesRecreational activitiesCoastal beachesQn10. In making your decision to travel to your preferred tourist destination, how significant would the following source of information be to you? Where (1) totallyInsignific ant and (5) very significant.Source of information12345Friends/colleagues/family membersNewspapers/magazines/brochures/booksTravel agents/ marketersInternetTelevisionRadioPersonal previous experienceNumber of previous visitsAny other (please specify)Qn11. In choosing tourist destinations in Kenya, how would you rate the importance of the following travel motivations on a scale of 1-5 where (1) not important and (5) very important.Motivation factor12345To visit friends or relativeRelaxing atmosphereOutstanding sceneryOceans and beachesSport facilitiesCampingTo find thrills and excitementLow toll of holidaysWarm friendly peopleGood roads and transportOutstanding foodAttractive customs, lifeNightlifeEasier to have fun thereCultural activities spiritual activities/ help people in needClass study/education with some fun activitiesTravel arrangement (packaged/non-packaged)Qn12.Below is a list of types of accommodation. On scale of 1-5 what type of accommodation would you likely prefer wh en on holiday vacation? Where 1-not preferred 2-least preferred (3-fairly preferred (4) preferred (5) most preferred.Type of accommodation12345Budget hotelsYouth hostelsLodgesHome staysAccommodation offered by friends and relativesVillas/cottageApartmentGuest housesAny other specifyQn.12. which one of the following statements is TRUE concerning your travel arrangement?I prefer to travel independently I prefer travelling in a group Both of the above applies to me have this in table form for neatnessQn13.If you travel in groups indicate the type of travel group.School group have this in table form for neatnessCollege group Researchers Volunteers Non-school youth groups Family groups Corporate groups Religious groups Cultural exchange groups Event driven Other and specify. Please have this in table form for neatnessQn14.How do you make your travel arrangement?Independently Travel agents/tour firms Online Others specify Qn15.Below is a list of tourist products. How would you evaluate your level of preference about the touristic products available in Kenya on a scale of 1-5? Where (1) least preferred and (5) -most preferred.Tourist product evaluate1 2 3 4 5Wildlife parksReservesBird site sanctuariesMuseumshistorical sitesLandscapesConservanciesForestsPicnic sitesCultural eventsShoppingEntertainmentHikingCampingMountaineeringPicnickingSport activitiesHorsecamel goWalking and trekkingQn16.Please indicate on a scale of 1-5 the type of transport you prefer while travelling to a tourist destination where 1-least preferred and 5-most preferred1-not preferred 2-less preferred 3 fairly preferred 4- preferred 5 most preferredType of transportRating1 2 3 4 5Air transportTour busesPublic busesPersonal carsRental taxisBikesOthers (please specify)Qn17.On a scale of 1-5 how would the following factors likely limit your travel to a tourist destination. Where 1-most unlikely and 5- most likelyfactorRating1 2 3 4 5Work schedulesIncome availableStudies schedul eFamily responsibilitiesFriends/relatives choice/preferencesHealthLack of interestLack of awarenessFear and safety concernsClimatic conditionsTransportLanguage barrierAccommodation availabilitySeasonalityOthers specifyQn18.On ordinary how many nights would you spend in visiting any domestic tourist destination?Less than 1 night 1 night 2 nights 3 nights 4 nights 5 nights . Above five .Qn19. If less than 1 night specify the reasonsThank you for your co-operation in completing this questionnaire.